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07 2025 Jul
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What is Kawasaki Disease?

Kawasaki disease causes inflammation in the walls of small to medium-sized arteries throughout the body, including the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. This inflammation can lead to long-term heart problems if not treated promptly.

Common Symptoms:

The symptoms of Kawasaki disease usually appear in phases. Recognizing them early can help ensure timely treatment.

Early signs may include:

  • High fever: Often above 39°C (102°F) that lasts for more than five days and does not respond well to usual fever-reducing medicines.
  • Red eyes: Bloodshot eyes without pus or discharge.
  • Rash: A widespread rash that can appear on the chest, stomach, and genitals.
  • Swollen hands and feet: Often with redness on the palms and soles.
  • Strawberry tongue and cracked lips: Bright red, swollen tongue and dry, cracked lips and mouth.
  • Swollen lymph nodes: Usually in the neck area.

In later stages, skin on the fingers and toes may peel, and joint pain can occur. If left untreated, it can cause complications like inflammation of the coronary arteries, arrhythmia, or heart valve problems.

Causes:

The exact cause of Kawasaki disease is still unknown. Experts believe it may be triggered by an abnormal immune system reaction to an infection in genetically predisposed children. It is not contagious and does not spread from child to child.

  • Age: Most common in children under 5.
  • Gender: Boys are more likely to be affected than girls.
  • Ethnicity: Children of Asian and Pacific Island descent, particularly Japanese children, have higher rates.

How to Prevent Kawasaki Disease

Unfortunately, since the exact cause is unknown, there is no sure way to prevent Kawasaki disease. However, awareness and prompt medical care are key to preventing serious complications.

  • Know the signs: If your child has a persistent high fever for more than five days along with any of the symptoms listed, seek medical attention immediately.
  • Don’t delay treatment: Early treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) within 10 days of fever onset greatly reduces the risk of coronary artery damage.
  • Regular check-ups: If your child is diagnosed, follow up with pediatric cardiologists as recommended to monitor heart health.

Kawasaki disease can be alarming for parents, but with early diagnosis and proper medical care, most children recover fully and live healthy lives. Staying informed, recognizing the warning signs, and acting quickly are your best defenses against this serious condition.

If you suspect your child may have Kawasaki disease, consult your pediatrician immediately.


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